NETSTAT
The netstat command is used to display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NSLOOKUP
The nslookup MS-DOS utility that enables a user to do a reverse lookup on an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
ROUTE
The route MS-DOS utility enables computers to view and modify the computer's route table
TRACERT / TRACEROUTE
The tracert command in MS-DOS / Windows or the traceroute command in Unix / Linux and variants is another commonly used network command to help determine network related issues or slowdowns. Using this command you can view a listing of how a network packet travels through the network and where it may fail or slow down. Using this information you can determine the computer, router, switch or other network device possibly causing your network issues.
ARP
Display or manipulate the ARP information on a network device or computer.
ARPING
The arping command sends Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packets to test connectivity. Therefore, it can be used to test connectivity with a computer that blocks the Internet Control Messaging Protocol (ICMP). However, since ARP is not a routable protocol, the computers must be located on the same subnet.
DIG
The dig command is used to retrieve information from a Domain Name System (DNS) server.
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