7. Application Layer – This layer supports the end-user processes, therefore the user is actually interacting with the protocols in the software application however this is not to get confused with the application itself, it just performs functions of the application layer. Quality of service is identified along with privacy and user authentication.
6. Presentation Layer – This is usually part of the operating system and can convert the data that is incoming and outgoing into a different format.
5. Session Layer – Once a connection has been established after it has set it up it can then coordinate and terminate the conversations, exchanges and dialogs between applications from each node.
4. Transport Layer – This layer determines whether or not all of the packets have arrived also dealing with error-checking. It will ensure complete data transfer so if data transfer does not complete you know that it is an issue with one of the previous layers.
3. Network Layer – This layer routes all of the data and will send outgoing packets to the right destination and receive packet level incoming traffic.
2. Data Link Layer – This layer is where data packets are encoded and decoded into bits of data. It deals with physical layer errors and allows the ability of flow control and frame synchronization.
1. Physical Layer – This is the electrical and mechanical level providing the sending and receiving of data from the hardware onto the carrier.
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